Introduction: Academic faculty members need to emphasize ethical principles in order to improve higher education, with the understanding of this importance, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing the ethical model of academic faculty members in Iran's higher education. Material & Methods: This research is a type of qualitative study that uses foundational data theory. The participants, including experts and faculty members of the country's public universities, who were responsible for the promotion of academic members, were selected as key informants through a targeted sampling method of 45 people. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The reliability and validity of the data were obtained from the two methods of reviewing the participants and recoding by experts. Data were analyzed by open, central and selective coding. Results: The results showed that the moral model of faculty members in Iran's higher education is explained in 10 main categories and 27 subcategories. Major and core categories in the form of 6 dimensions of causal conditions including (individual factors, organizational factors), core (cultural-educational, educational ethics, research ethics, scientific-executive), background conditions (higher education policies, moral activism), intervening conditions (environmental factors), strategies (micro level-university, macro level-higher education) and consequences (individual and organizational) were elevated to a higher abstract level and finally the research paradigm model was presented. Conclusion: The regulations for the promotion of academic staff members in Iran require a detailed revision of the content with an ethical and qualitative approach in order to make the indicators of the promotion regulations efficient and effective.

Introduction Various studies have been conducted to analyze the spatial structure of metropolitan regions over the past few decades. These studies can be classified mainly into two population and activity domains. The former explains the settlement system, and the latter explains the activity system. Majority of the studies on the spatial structure were activity-oriented. Spatial structure of activity, in fact, indicates employment and firm’ s distribution in the spatial domain of metropolitan regions. In other words, it is the degree of spatial concentration of activity. To explain the spatial distribution of economic Activities and understanding spatial-activity structure of the regions, employment density or a kind of economic agglomeration in the geographic domain is seen as an important and indispensable part of the Activities distribution in the region. Thus, we can analyze the Pattern of activity structure and also understand the influenced and independent points in the spatial-activity structure of the metropolitan regions. The main aim of this research is to examine industrial Activities in Tehran metropolitan region and analyze the quality of these changes in relation to geographic characteristics of the principal city, which can be studied using influential variables and indexes. Based on previous studies, the way of dispersion of firms and industrial Activities in the metropolitan region and the degree of units’ interrelations are influential variables on the activity-spatial structure through which the understanding of the activity-spatial structure of Tehran metropolitan region and its appropriate arrangement can be achieved...

World urban economy accompanied with knowledge and information economy, so metropolitan areas drastically compete for attracting, developing knowledge- based and information Activities, and promoting their competitive advantages. This research tries to identify the effective criteria on location selection of Activities by explaining the spatial distribution Pattern of knowledge-based Activities in Tehran. The research method is mixed and the population of the study includes 560 knowledge-based companies in Tehran. Purposefully, 50 managers of Tehran’s knowledge-based companies were interviewed to identify and prioritize the criteria for choosing the locations of companies, using Delphi techniques. Linear regression analysis was used in GIS software to analyze the data quantitatively and to find out the relationship between the location of Activities and the criteria for locating. The findings of this study showed that access criteria to main arteries, access to fast transportation lines and access to the subway have the most explanatory power. Contrary to traditional theories of location, there is no significant relationship between the cost of ownership or lease and the location of knowledge- based Activities in Tehran. Statistical analysis complementary to regression analysis identified university decisions to locate knowledge- based growth centers, as an effective unknown factor on current spatial distribution Pattern. The results of this research provide a suitable tool for urban planners to revive the spatial arrangement of knowledge-based Activities in Tehran with the aim of improving performance.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of generative learning teaching based to Pattern cognitive Load on the memorization math of 7th grade students of in the academic year of 2021- 2022. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with four groups: two control group and two experimental groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all 7th grade male and female students of District 2 of Mashhad city that 112 person sample was selected by single stage cluster sampling method. The subjects in the experimental group involved in generative learning based to cognitive Load in 16 sessions and the control group did not receive any interventions. The research instrument consisted of a 20-questions researcher-made test. To analyze the obtained data, Multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS version 24 software were used. The results showed that generative learning teaching based to approach cognitive Load have a positive and significant effect on 7th grade students' memorization math. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that one of the effective training on math memorization students is the use of generative learning on the based load cognitive Pattern.

Nowadays, considering the importance of the role of science and technology in the country’ s economic development, the role of knowledge-based firms has become more important in the economic growth of countries. In this regard, financial supports from knowledge-based firms, especially in early stages and in right mechanism, is important. One of the important financial supports is the tax system which help to enhance Knowledge-based firms. Therefore, the design of tax enhancement system for knowledge-based Activities is important. So, in this research, the affecting factors on the development of the tax system which is supports knowledge-based Activities are identified based on case study research strategy. First, the 14 preliminary affecting factors were identified based on the literature review and interviews with experts and categorized in 4 categories. Then, based on this factors, the policy Pattern of tax support from knowledge-based Activities is presented. Subsequently, the knowledge-based firms and institutions support laws and commercialization achievements, as this research case and based on the presented policy Pattern of tax support from knowledge-based Activities, is studied.

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis Disease is the most common neurological demyelinization disorder in young adults that leads to their disability. Because of the side effects of treatment drugs, it seems that another method should be used. Correct nutrition is one of these methods. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of nutrition on activity of daily living in MS patients referring to the Iranian MS society in 2010.Methods: In this quasi- experimental study (before and after investigation), 40 MS patients were selected on basis of purposive and accessible sampling method. The data was collected via questionnaires. The intervention comprised of correct nutrition algorithm education for 12 weeks. All questionnaires were filled before and after the intervention by subjects and then pre/post intervention data was analyzed with SPSS 16 software. Statistical tests included Student paired and T tests.Results: The statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between mean score of ability of activity of daily living of MS patients before and after intervention (P<0.001), thus confirming the hypothesis of the study.Conclusion: According to results, it is recommended that nutrition Pattern (simple, cheap without side effects and noninvasive procedure) should be used to improve the levels of activity of daily living in MS patients.

The paper tries to study the effect of participation Pattern on sport Activities among the students of I.A.U of Kermanshah. The research method is survey with questionnaire and 368 students were chosen through cluster sampling. The data were analyzed by SPPS (version of 11.5). The results show the median of participation Pattern is 2.31 and 1.14 out of students and it was in lower stage, but the participation rate of boys were significantly more than girls and the favorite sports of boys are walking football, swimming, body building, but girls like walking, light exercise, swimming and volleyball. The participation Pattern as independent variable showed 34% of differences among girls and 53.9% of boys.

The aim of present research in the first stage was to extract astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis using acid-acetone method and then nanoencapsulation of the pigment using maltodextrin-sodium caseinate coating. In the next step, antioxidant and antibacterial Activities of nanocapsules carrying astaxanthin and the free form of the pigment was evaluated. In order to evaluate antibacterial activity of the samples, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus iniae, Bacillus subtilis (Gram positive), Yersinia ruckeri, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes (Gram negative) were used. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of nanocapsules carrying astaxanthin is significantly higher than the free form of pigment (p<0.05); In addition, this activity was improved by increasing the concentration of samples from 100 to 200 µg/ml (p<0.05). By astaxanthin nanoencapsulation, the diameter of non-growth zone of the studied bacteria increased (p<0.05), but minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the pigment and its carrier nanocapsules decreased (p<0.05). According to the results of zone of inhibition, Gram positive (except Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram negative bacteria were resistant up to concentrations of 60 and 80 µg/ml of samples, respectively. In the following, the MIC and MBC of the pigment (free and nanoencapsulated forms) for the seven bacteria ranged from 50 to 400 and 100 to 500 µg/ml, respectively. The results of evaluation the antioxidant and antibacterial Activities of nanocapsules carrying astaxanthin during storage period (30 days at 4ºC) indicated stability and no significant change of these properties (p>0.05). According to the values of diameter of non-growth zone, MIC and MBC, Listeria monocytogenes was the most sensitive bacteria against astaxanthin and its carrier nanocapsules. Based on the findings, astaxanthin extracted from Haematococcus pluvialis has antioxidant and antibacterial Activities, and these properties are improved by the pigment nanoencapsulation using maltodextrin-sodium caseinate coating.

Background and objectives: Drought stress disturbs metabolic pathways in plant cells that leads to increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) abundance. Plants have high efficient defensive system that prevents oxidative stress and can eliminate free radicals. Therefore high activity of antioxidant enzymes is essential for drought stress tolerance. Knowledge of antioxidant enzymes function and variation can be suitable marker to identification of morphological characteristics linked to this enzyme Activities in plant breeding programs under drought conditions. Materials and methods: In order to study the effect of drought stress and endogenous treatment of proline on the anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX), drought treatments (0,-4,-8 bar created by adding polyethylene glycol-6000) and 3 levels of proline (0, 5, 10 mM) were applied on sunflower in seedling stage. This research was conducted in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design, including 10 sunflower genotypes (in two susceptible and tolerant groups). Results: Based on the changes in proline content and shoot dry weight, two inbred lines BGK 329 and RGK 221 were identified as the most susceptible and most sensitive among 10 inbred lines. Then, stripe Pattern of enzymes was studied in 7. 5 percent horizontal acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Quantitate evaluation of activity of observed isozymes and statistical analysis of the data indicated that there is a significant difference among the activity of four enzymes SOD1, SOD2, CAT1, and POX1, out of all 7 enzymes. No significant change was observed in activity of isozyme SOD1 with increasing water stress and proline levels. Interactions of genotype× proline was significant (p<0. 05) for POX1 and SOD2. Drought stress had significant effect on isozyme CAT1 and interaction of stress× genotype affected the activity of isozyme SOD2. While the activity of isozyme POX1 was significant at stress× proline interaction, the triple effect of triple stress× proline× genotype was significant (p<0. 01) in the activity of isozyme POX1. SOD2 activity was largely influenced by the genotype so that at different levels of stress and proline, some genotypes increased and some others showed decreased activity. The exogenous 5mM proline treatment reduced the activity of isozyme POX1 and CAT1 under stress. Data analysis based on two susceptible and tolerant sunflower groups under drought stress showed that only POX1 activity was significant between the two groups and therefore. Conclusion: Proline as an important amino acid induces drought stress tolerance. An efficient antioxidant defensive system with inducible expression system to increase the accumulation of proline have a vital role in the tolerance of drought stress environments. Isozyme of POX could be suggested to identify drought tolerant drought genotypes in seedling growth stage.